- 5000 soldier, not in it for pay
- - the Roman army's elite heavy infantry
- - recruited exclusively from Roman citizens
- group of eight's a century
- on horseback is the cavalry
- shield sword dagger, and armor and tunic
The Punic War
- 264 - 146 BCE
- Rome vs. Carthage
- Three war
First Punic War
- 264 - 241 BCE (23 year)
- naval battles for control of the strategically located island of Sicily
- Rome wins this one
Second Punic War
- 218 - 201 BCE (17 years)
- 29 - year - old Carthaginian general Hannibal almost does the impossible: taking Rome
- attack Rome from the North after crossing Iberia (Spain) and the Alps
- lays siege to much of peninsula for 15 years, but he never can get to Rome
Third (and final) Punic War
- 149 - 149 BCE (only 3 year)
- Rome wanted ti finally remove the treat of Carthage
- Scipio, Tiberius Gracchus, and others mercilessly attacked the city
- Carthage was burned for 17 days; the city's walls and building are utterly destroyed
- when the war ended the last 50,000 people in the city were sold into slavery
- the rest of Carthage's territories were annexed and made into the Roman province of Africa
Economic change
- slaves poured into Italy (50,000 Carthaginians, 150,000 Greek POWs, etc.)
- by the end of the second century BCE there were over a million slaves in Italy
- small farmers lost their land to aristocrats (for little or no money) if they couldn’t pay their debts, sometimes because the men of the farm were fighting battles
- slaves did the work on the farms for the rich
- the big farms became massive estates called latifundia
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